virus – Wiktionary

See also: Virus, vírus, vīrus, vīruss, virüs

,

and

-virus

English

[

edit

]

virus

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia

Wikispecies

virus

The virions that carry the Marburg

Etymology

[

edit

]

From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

Pronunciation

[

edit

]

• enPR:

  vīʹrəs

  , IPA(key):

  /ˈvaɪɹəs/

• Audio (US)
• Rhymes:

  -aɪɹəs

Noun

[

edit

]

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)

Synonyms

[

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]

• See also Thesaurus:virus

Hypernyms

[

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]

• (

  computing

  )

  :

  malware

Hyponyms

[

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]

Derived terms

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]

Descendants

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]

• Amharic: ቫይረስ

  (

  vayräs

  )

• Bengali: ভাইরাস

  (

  bhairaś

  )

• Burmese: ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်

  (

  buing:rapc

  )

• Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް

  (

  vairas

  )

• Hindi: वायरस

  (

  vāyras

  )

• Japanese: バイラス

  (

  bairasu

  )

• Kannada: ವೈರಸ್

  (

  vairas

  )

• Korean: 바이러스

  baireoseu

  )

• Lao: ໄວຣັສ

  (

  wai rat

  )

• Malay: virus
• Malayalam: വൈറസ്

  (

  vaiṟasŭ

  )

• Maltese: vajrus
• Sinhalese: වෛරස

  (

  wairasa

  )

• Telugu: వైరస్

  (

  vairas

  )

• Thai: ไวรัส

  (

  wai-rát

  )

• Urdu: وائرس

Translations

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]

disease

• Finnish: virus(fi)virustauti
• Georgian: ვირუსი

  (

  virusi

  )

• Hebrew: מגפה(he)

  f

  (

  magefá

  )

• Malay: virus(ms)
• Welsh: firws(cy)

  m

  , feirws(cy)

  m

• Yiddish: איבערגאַנג

  m

  (

  ibergang

  )

See also

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]

Further reading

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]

Asturian

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]

Etymology

[

edit

]

From Latin vīrus.

Noun

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]

virus m (plural virus)

Azerbaijani

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]

Etymology

[

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]

Ultimately from Latin vīrus.

Noun

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]

virus (definite accusative virusu, plural viruslar)

Declension

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]

    Declension of virus

singular

plural

nominative

virus

viruslar

definite accusative

virusu
virusları

dative

virusa
viruslara

locative

virusda
viruslarda

ablative

virusdan
viruslardan

definite genitive

virusun
virusların

    Possessive forms of virus

nominative

singular

plural

mənim

(

“

my

”

)

virusum
viruslarım
sənin

(

“

your

”

)

virusun
virusların
onun

(

“

his/her/its

”

)

virusu
virusları
bizim

(

“

our

”

)

virusumuz
viruslarımız
sizin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunuz
viruslarınız
onların

(

“

their

”

)

virusuor virusları
virusları

accusative

singular

plural

mənim

(

“

my

”

)

virusumu
viruslarımı
sənin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunu
viruslarını
onun

(

“

his/her/its

”

)

virusunu
viruslarını
bizim

(

“

our

”

)

virusumuzu
viruslarımızı
sizin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunuzu
viruslarınızı
onların

(

“

their

”

)

virusunuor viruslarını
viruslarını

dative

singular

plural

mənim

(

“

my

”

)

virusuma
viruslarıma
sənin

(

“

your

”

)

virusuna
viruslarına
onun

(

“

his/her/its

”

)

virusuna
viruslarına
bizim

(

“

our

”

)

virusumuza
viruslarımıza
sizin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunuza
viruslarınıza
onların

(

“

their

”

)

virusunaor viruslarına
viruslarına

locative

singular

plural

mənim

(

“

my

”

)

virusumda
viruslarımda
sənin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunda
viruslarında
onun

(

“

his/her/its

”

)

virusunda
viruslarında
bizim

(

“

our

”

)

virusumuzda
viruslarımızda
sizin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunuzda
viruslarınızda
onların

(

“

their

”

)

virusundaor viruslarında
viruslarında

ablative

singular

plural

mənim

(

“

my

”

)

virusumdan
viruslarımdan
sənin

(

“

your

”

)

virusundan
viruslarından
onun

(

“

his/her/its

”

)

virusundan
viruslarından
bizim

(

“

our

”

)

virusumuzdan
viruslarımızdan
sizin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunuzdan
viruslarınızdan
onların

(

“

their

”

)

virusundanor viruslarından
viruslarından

genitive

singular

plural

mənim

(

“

my

”

)

virusumun
viruslarımın
sənin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunun
viruslarının
onun

(

“

his/her/its

”

)

virusunun
viruslarının
bizim

(

“

our

”

)

virusumuzun
viruslarımızın
sizin

(

“

your

”

)

virusunuzun
viruslarınızın
onların

(

“

their

”

)

virusununor viruslarının
viruslarının

Further reading

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edit

]

• “virus” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

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]

Etymology

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edit

]

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

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]

• (

  Balearic

  ,

  Valencian

  )

  IPA(key):

  /ˈvi.ɾus/

• (

  Central

  )

  IPA(key):

  /ˈbi.ɾus/

• Audio

Noun

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]

virus m (plural virus)

Related terms

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]

Cornish

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]

Pronunciation

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]

• (

  Revived Middle Cornish

  )

  IPA(key):

  [ˈviːrʏs]

• (

  Revived Late Cornish

  )

  IPA(key):

  [ˈviːrɪz]

Noun

[

edit

]

virus m (plural virusys)

References

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]

• Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga’s Online Dictionary
• 2018, Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (2018 edition, p.190)

Czech

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]

Alternative forms

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]

Etymology

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]

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

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]

Noun

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]

virus m inan

1. (

   virology

   )

   virus

2. (

   computing

   )

   virus (a type of computer malware)

Declension

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]

Declension

singular

plural

nominative

virus

viry, virusy

genitive

viru, virusu
virů, virusů

dative

viru, virusu
virům, virusům

accusative

virus

viry, virusy

vocative

vire, viruse
viry, virusy

locative

viru, virusu
virech, virusech

instrumental

virem, virusem
viry, virusy

Related terms

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Further reading

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]

• virus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• virus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• virus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Danish

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]

Etymology

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]

From Latin vīrus.

Noun

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]

virus c or n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)

Dutch

[

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]

Etymology

[

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]

From Latin vīrus. Coined in the virological sense by Martinus Beijerinck; the word had been previously used for pathogens, although not for viruses in the modern sense. The computing sense derives from English virus.

Pronunciation

[

edit

]

• IPA(key):

  /ˈviː.rʏs/

• audio
• Hyphenation:

  vi‧rus

Noun

[

edit

]

virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)

Usage notes

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]

Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few Dutch words ending in -us which is not masculine; cf. also corpus and opus. Marginally, use as a masculine noun is sometimes erroneously encountered, indeed based on the ending.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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]

Finnish

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]

Etymology

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]

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

[

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]

Noun

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]

virus

Declension

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]

Inflection of virus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

nominative

virus

virukset

genitive

viruksen
virusten
viruksien

partitive

virusta
viruksia

illative

virukseen
viruksiin

singular

plural

nominative

virus

virukset

accusative

nom.

virus

virukset

gen.

viruksen

genitive

viruksen
virusten
viruksien

partitive

virusta
viruksia

inessive

viruksessa
viruksissa

elative

viruksesta
viruksista

illative

virukseen
viruksiin

adessive

viruksella
viruksilla

ablative

virukselta
viruksilta

allative

virukselle
viruksille

essive

viruksena
viruksina

translative

virukseksi
viruksiksi

instructive

—

viruksin

abessive

viruksetta
viruksitta

comitative

—

viruksineen
Possessive forms of virus (type vastaus)

possessor

singular

plural

1st person

virukseni
viruksemme

2nd person

viruksesi
viruksenne

3rd person

viruksensa

Anagrams

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]

French

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]

Etymology

[

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]

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

[

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]

• IPA(key):

  /vi.ʁys/

• audio

Noun

[

edit

]

virus m (plural virus)

Derived terms

[

edit

]

Further reading

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edit

]

• “virus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé

  [

  Digitized Treasury of the French Language

  ]

  , 2012.

Galician

[

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]

Etymology

[

edit

]

From Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”).

Noun

[

edit

]

virus m (plural virus)

Indonesian

[

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]

Etymology

[

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]

From Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.

• The computing sense is a semantic loan from Englishvirus.

Pronunciation

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]

Noun

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]

virus (plural virus-virus, first-person possessive virusku, second-person possessive virusmu, third-person possessive virusnya)

1. virus

   1. (

      biology

      ,

      virology

      )

      A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

   2. (

      computing

      )

      computer virus: A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data.

Further reading

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]

Interlingua

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]

Noun

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]

virus (plural viruses)

Related terms

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]

Italian

[

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]

Etymology

[

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]

From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

[

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]

Noun

[

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]

virus m (invariable)

Further reading

[

edit

]

• virus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana

Ladino

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]

Pronunciation

[

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]

Noun

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]

virus m (Latin spelling)

1. virus
   • 2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom‎[3]:

     February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in

     El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.

     Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.

Latin

[

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]

Etymology

[

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]

Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit विष (viṣá), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), from an older form ϝισός : wisós; Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí. The neuter gender of this term despite its nominative singular ending in the masculine second-declension -us is a relic of this term’s inheritance from a neuter s-stem.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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]

vīrus n sg (genitive vīrī); second declension

1. A stinking, or rammish smell.
2. The seed or nature in animals.
3. A nasty taste.
4. Poison, venom.
5. Bitterness, sharpness.
6. A strong smell of spices or perfumes.[2]
7. slimy liquid, slime

8. (

   New Latin

   )

   virus

Declension

[

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]

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us), singular only.

Case

Singular

Nominative

vīrus

Genitive
vīrī
Dative
vīrō
Accusative

vīrus

Ablative
vīrō
Vocative

vīrus

• There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular vīrūs.
• When used in modern biology with the same meaning of English virus, a plural can be formed using the same suffixes of regular neuters of the 2nd. declension (i.e., vīra, vīrōrum, vīrīs, vīra, vīrīs, vīra):[3]

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -a).

Case

Singular

Plural

Nominative

vīrus

vīra
Genitive
vīrī
vīrōrum
Dative
vīrō
vīrīs
Accusative

vīrus

vīra
Ablative
vīrō
vīrīs
Vocative

vīrus

vīra

Synonyms

[

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]

• (

  poison

  )

  :

  venēnum

Derived terms

[

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]

Descendants

[

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]

All borrowings.

• Albanian: virus

  m

• Arabic: فَيْرُوس

  m

  (

  fayrūs

  )

  • Hijazi Arabic: ڤَيْرُوس

    m

    (

    vayrūs

    )

• Armenian: վիրուս

  (

  virus

  )

• Asturian: virus

  m

• Belarusian: ві́рус

  m

  (

  vírus

  )

• Catalan: virus

  m

• Czech: virus

  m

• Danish: virus

  c or n

• Dutch: virus

  n

• English: virus
  • Bengali: ভাইরাস

    (

    bhairaś

    )

  • Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް

    (

    vairas

    )

  • Japanese: バイラス

    (

    bairasu

    )

  • Korean: 바이러스

    baireoseu

    )

  • Lao: ໄວຣັສ

    (

    wai rat

    )

  • Malayalam: വൈറസ്

    (

    vaiṟasŭ

    )

  • Urdu: وائرس
  • Thai: ไวรัส

    (

    wai-rát

    )

• Esperanto: viruso
• Estonian: viirus
• French: virus

  m

• Finnish: virus
• Galician: virus

  m

• Georgian: ვირუსი

  (

  virusi

  )

• German: Virus

  n or m

• Hungarian: vírus
• Ido: viruso
• Italian: virus

  m

• Japanese: ウイルス

  (

  uirusu

  )

  , ウィルス

  (

  wirusu

  )

  , ビールス

  (

  bīrusu

  )

• Kannada: ವೈರಸ್

  (

  vairas

  )

• Khmer: វីរុស

  (

  viiruh

  )

• Latvian: vīruss

  m

• Macedonian: вирус

  m

  (

  virus

  )

• Maltese: vajrus

  m

• Norwegian Bokmål: virus

  n

• Pashto: ويروس

  m

• Persian: ویروس
• Piedmontese: vìrosvìrus

  m

• Polish: wirus

  m anim

• Portuguese: vírus

  m

• Romanian: virus

  n

• Russian: ви́рус

  m anim or m inan

  (

  vírus

  )

• Serbo-Croatian: ви́рус

  m

  (

  vírus

  )

• Sinhalese: වෛරස

  (

  wairasa

  )

• Spanish: virus

  m

• Swahili: virusi
• Swedish: virus

  n

• Tagalog: birus
• Telugu: వైరస్

  (

  vairas

  )

• Turkish: virüs
• Ukrainian: ві́рус

  m

  (

  vírus

  )

• Vietnamese: vi-rút
• Volapük: virud
• Yiddish: ווירוס

  m

  (

  virus

  )

References

[

edit

]

• “

  virus

  ”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

• “

  virus

  ”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

• virusGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to vent one’s anger, spite on some one: virus acerbitatis suae effundere in aliquem (De Amic. 23. 87)
  • (ambiguous) many learned men; many scholars: multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti)
  • (ambiguous) to separate (of the woman): repudium remittere viro (Dig. 24. 3)
  • (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
  • (ambiguous) men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
• “

  virus

  ”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Anagrams

[

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]

Malay

[

edit

]

Etymology

[

edit

]

From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.

Noun

[

edit

]

virus (plural virus-virus, informal 1st possessive virusku, 2nd possessive virusmu, 3rd possessive virusnya)

1. virus

   1. (

      biology

      ,

      virology

      )

      A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

Northern Sami

[

edit

]

Etymology

[

edit

]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[

edit

]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

[

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]

virus

Inflection

[

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]

Odd, no gradation

Nominative

virus

Genitive

virusa

Singular

Plural

Nominative

virus

virusat

Accusative

virusa
virusiid

Genitive

virusa
virusiid

Illative

virusii
virusiidda

Locative

virusis
virusiin

Comitative

virusiin
virusiiguin

Essive

virusin

Possessive forms

Singular

Dual

Plural

1st person

virusan
viruseamẹ
viruseamẹt

2nd person

virusat
viruseattẹ
viruseattẹt

3rd person

virusis
viruseaskkạ
viruseasẹt

Norwegian Bokmål

[

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]

Etymology

[

edit

]

From Latin vīrus.

Noun

[

edit

]

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)

References

[

edit

]

• “virus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

[

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]

virus

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia nn

Etymology

[

edit

]

From Latin virus.

Noun

[

edit

]

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)

References

[

edit

]

• “virus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

[

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]

Etymology

[

edit

]

From French virus, Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

[

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]

Noun

[

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]

virus n (plural virusuri)

Declension

[

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]

Declension of virus

singular

plural

indefinite articulation

definite articulation

indefinite articulation

definite articulation

nominative/accusative

(un)

virus

virusul
(niște) virusuri
virusurile

genitive/dative

(unui)

virus

virusului
(unor) virusuri
virusurilor

vocative

virusule
virusurilor

Noun

[

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]

vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ви́рус)

Declension

[

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]

Declension of virus

singular

plural

nominative

virus

virusi
genitive
virusa
virusa
dative
virusu
virusima
accusative

virus

viruse
vocative
viruse
virusi
locative
virusu
virusima
instrumental
virusom
virusima

Spanish

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Etymology

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From Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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virus m (plural virus)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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• “virus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Latin vīrus.

Noun

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virus n

Declension

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Declension of virus 

Singular

Plural

Indefinite

Definite

Indefinite

Definite

Nominative

virus

viruset

virus

virusen

Genitive

virus

virusets

virus

virusens

Tagalog

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English virus, from Latin vīrus.

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key):

  /ˈbajɾus/

  ,

  [ˈbaɪ̯.ɾʊs]

• (

  nonstandard

  )

• IPA(key):

  /ˈbiɾus/

  ,

  [ˈbɪ.ɾʊs]

Noun

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virus

Further reading

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