kara – Wiktionary

See also: Kara, karā, karą, kaŗa, kaŗā, kaɽa, kára, Kára, kárá, kàrà, kāra, kārā, kära

,

and

kåra

English

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Etymology

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From Punjabi ਕੜਾ (kaṛā); see Hindi कड़ा (kaṛā, “bracelet”).

Noun

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kara (plural karas)

1. (

   Sikhism

   )

   A bangle worn by Sikhs, one of the five Ks, to remind them to do God’s work.

Anagrams

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Balinese

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Romanization

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kara

1. ᬓᬭ

   Romanization of

2. ᬓᬵᬭ

   Romanization of

Basque

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Noun

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kara

Cornish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd. Cognate with Breton karout and Welsh caru.

Verb

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kara (irregular)

1. to love

Conjugation

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Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Pres-fut
Imperfect
Preterite
Conditional
Pres-fut
Imperfect

1s
karav
karen
keris
karsen
kyrriv
karren
–

2s
kerydh
kares
kersys
karses
kyrri
karres
kar

3s
kar
kara
karas
karsa
karro
karra
kares

1p
keryn
karen
kersyn
karsen
kerryn
karren
keryn

2p
kerowgh
karewgh
kersowgh
karsewgh
kerrowgh
karrewgh
kerowgh

3p
karons
karens
kersons
karsens
karrons
karrens
karens

0
kerir
kares
karas
karsys
kyrrer
karrys
–

Present participle: ow kara
Verbal adjective: kerys

Mutation

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Esperanto

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Etymology

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From Italian caro, cara, from Latin cārus. Compare Spanish caro, French cher, Old Norse kærr (see there for further descendants).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kara (accusative singular karan, plural karaj, accusative plural karajn)

1. dear

   Mi amegas vin, mia kara.

   I love you so much, my dear.

   Kara Sinjoro Garcio, mi skribis al vi ĉi tiun leteron, ĉar…

   Dear Mr. Garcia, I am writing you this letter because…

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finnic *kara.

Noun

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kara

1. a dried branch, rib of a leaf or other similar dried part of a plant

   karahka

2. core

   (

   uneaten part of an apple or similar fruit

   )

3. core of a pirn

   (

   in a weaving shuttle

   )

4. (

   machining

   )

   spindle

5. core

   (

   in injection molding

   )

6. spindle

   (

   of a door or window handle, etc.

   )

7. pin

   (

   a piece of wood, partly inserted inside the wall, that supports the frame of a window or door

   )

8. valve stem

Declension

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Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

nominative

kara

karat

genitive

karan
karojen

partitive

karaa
karoja

illative

karaan
karoihin

singular

plural

nominative

kara

karat

accusative

nom.

kara

karat

gen.

karan

genitive

karan
karojen
karainrare

partitive

karaa
karoja

inessive

karassa
karoissa

elative

karasta
karoista

illative

karaan
karoihin

adessive

karalla
karoilla

ablative

karalta
karoilta

allative

karalle
karoille

essive

karana
karoina

translative

karaksi
karoiksi

instructive

—

karoin

abessive

karatta
karoitta

comitative

—

karoineen
Possessive forms of kara (type kala)

possessor

singular

plural

1st person

karani
karamme

2nd person

karasi
karanne

3rd person

karansa

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic.

Noun

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kara

1. koskikara

   (

   “

   Cinclus

   bird of the genus

   ”

   )

   Synonym of

Declension

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Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

nominative

kara

karat

genitive

karan
karojen

partitive

karaa
karoja

illative

karaan
karoihin

singular

plural

nominative

kara

karat

accusative

nom.

kara

karat

gen.

karan

genitive

karan
karojen
karainrare

partitive

karaa
karoja

inessive

karassa
karoissa

elative

karasta
karoista

illative

karaan
karoihin

adessive

karalla
karoilla

ablative

karalta
karoilta

allative

karalle
karoille

essive

karana
karoina

translative

karaksi
karoiksi

instructive

—

karoin

abessive

karatta
karoitta

comitative

—

karoineen
Possessive forms of kara (type kala)

possessor

singular

plural

1st person

karani
karamme

2nd person

karasi
karanne

3rd person

karansa

Etymology 3

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Clipping of karamboli.

Noun

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kara

Declension

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Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

nominative

kara

karat

genitive

karan
karojen

partitive

karaa
karoja

illative

karaan
karoihin

singular

plural

nominative

kara

karat

accusative

nom.

kara

karat

gen.

karan

genitive

karan
karojen
karainrare

partitive

karaa
karoja

inessive

karassa
karoissa

elative

karasta
karoista

illative

karaan
karoihin

adessive

karalla
karoilla

ablative

karalta
karoilta

allative

karalle
karoille

essive

karana
karoina

translative

karaksi
karoiksi

instructive

—

karoin

abessive

karatta
karoitta

comitative

—

karoineen
Possessive forms of kara (type kala)

possessor

singular

plural

1st person

karani
karamme

2nd person

karasi
karanne

3rd person

karansa

Anagrams

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Gothic

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Romanization

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kara

1. 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰

   Romanization of

Hungarian

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Etymology

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From kar +‎ -a (possessive suffix).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kara

Usage notes

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For the possessive of kar in the sense “arm, lever”, see karja.

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

singular

plural

nominative

kara

—

accusative
karát
—

dative
karának
—

instrumental
karával
—

causal-final
karáért
—

translative
karává
—

terminative
karáig
—

essive-formal
karaként
—

essive-modal
karául
—

inessive
karában
—

superessive
karán
—

adessive
karánál
—

illative
karába
—

sublative
karára
—

allative
karához
—

elative
karából
—

delative
karáról
—

ablative
karától
—

non-attributive
possessive – singular

karáé
—

non-attributive
possessive – plural

karáéi
—

Ido

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kara

Japanese

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Romanization

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kara

1. からRōmaji transcription of

Jingpho

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Noun

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kara

Karaim

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Adjective

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kara

References

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Karao

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Noun

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kara

Latvian

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Noun

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kara m

1. karš

   genitive singular form of

Lower Sorbian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Middle High German karre, ultimately from Latin carrus, from Gaulish karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kara f (diminutive karka)

Declension

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Declension of

kara

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

kara

karje
kary

Genitive

kary
karowu
karow

Dative

karje
karoma
karam

Accusative

karu
karje
kary

Instrumental

karu
karoma
karami

Locative

karje
karoma
karach

References

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• Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

Mapudungun

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Noun

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kara (Raguileo spelling)

References

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• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Nias

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Noun

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kara (mutated form gara)

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kara n

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kara m

1. (non-standard since 1983) definite karplural of

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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kara n

Nupe

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Kàrà

Etymology

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From Yoruba àkàrà.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kàrà

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *karu. Cognate with Old English caru, Old High German chara (“grief”), Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara).

Noun

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kara f

Declension

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Oroqen

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Adjective

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kara

References

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• Whaley, Lindsay & Li, Fengxiang. (1998). The Suffix -Kan in Oroqen. Studies in Language. 22. 447-471. 10.1075/sl.22.2.06wha.

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.

Noun

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kara f

1. punishment
2. penalty, fine

   kara śmierci ―

   capital punishment/death penalty

Declension

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Declension of

kara

singular

plural

nominative

kara
kary

genitive

kary
kar

dative

karze
karom

accusative

karę
kary

instrumental

karą
karami

locative

karze
karach

vocative

karo
kary

Derived terms

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adjective

adverb

noun

Related terms

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verb

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from German Karren, from Latin carrus.

Noun

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kara f

1. (

   archaic

   )

   a cart with two wheels and a box on top for carrying things

Declension

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Declension of

kara

singular

plural

nominative

kara
kary

genitive

kary
kar

dative

karze
karom

accusative

karę
kary

instrumental

karą
karami

locative

karze
karach

vocative

karo
kary

Descendants

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• →

  Ukrainian: ґара

  (

  gara

  )

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from French carré.

Noun

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kara f

Declension

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Declension of

kara

singular

plural

nominative

kara
kary

genitive

kary
kar

dative

karze
karom

accusative

karę
kary

instrumental

karą
karami

locative

karze
karach

vocative

karo
kary

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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kara

1. karo

   inflection of

   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative

      /

      accusative

      /

      vocativeplural

Etymology 5

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

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kara

Further reading

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• kara in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kara in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Rapa Nui

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Noun

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kara

Verb

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kara (Cyrillic spelling кара)

Silesian

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Etymology 1

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From German Karre, from Middle Low German karre and northern Middle High German karre, from Old Saxon karra and Old High German karra, from Latin carrus (“cart”), from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós, zero-grade form of *ḱers- (“to run”).

Noun

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kara f

Etymology 2

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From English car, from Middle English carre, from Anglo-Norman carre, from Old Northern French, from Latin carra, neuter plural of carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós, zero-grade form of *ḱers- (“to run”).

Noun

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kara f

Turkish

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish قره‎ (kara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”).

Pronunciation

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• IPA(key):

  /kɑˈɾɑ/

• Audio

Adjective

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kara

Declension

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predicative forms of kara

simple present

singular

plural

ben (I am)
karayım
karalarım

sen (you are)
karasın
karalarsın

o (he/she/it is)
kara / karadır
karalarkaralardır

biz (we are)
karayız
karalarız

siz (you are)
karasınız
karalarsınız

onlar (they are)
karalar
karalardır

simple past

singular

plural

ben (I was)
karaydım
karalardım

sen (you were)
karaydın
karalardın

o (he/she/it was)
karaydı
karalardı

biz (we were)
karaydık
karalardık

siz (you were)
karaydınız
karalardınız

onlar (they were)
karaydılar
karalardı

indirect / unwitnessed past

singular

plural

ben (I was)
karaymışım
karalarmışım

sen (you were)
karaymışsın
karalarmışsın

o (he/she/it was)
karaymış
karalarmış

biz (we were)
karaymışız
karalarmışız

siz (you were)
karaymışsınız
karalarmışsınız

onlar (they were)
karaymışlar
karalarmış

*Not used, but perhaps rarely – chiefly grammatical formations.

Note: Plural forms are not used with adjectives.

Descendants

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• →

  Adyghe: къарэ

  (

  qāră

  )

Noun

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kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)

Declension

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Inflection

Nominative

kara

Definite accusative

karayı

Singular

Plural

Nominative

kara

karalar

Definite accusative

karayı
karaları

Dative

karaya
karalara

Locative

karada
karalarda

Ablative

karadan
karalardan

Genitive

karanın
karaların

Possessive forms

Nominative

Singular

Plural

1st singular

karam
karalarım

2nd singular

karan
karaların

3rd singular

karası
karaları

1st plural

karamız
karalarımız

2nd plural

karanız
karalarınız

3rd plural

karaları
karaları

Definite accusative

Singular

Plural

1st singular

karamı
karalarımı

2nd singular

karanı
karalarını

3rd singular

karasını
karalarını

1st plural

karamızı
karalarımızı

2nd plural

karanızı
karalarınızı

3rd plural

karalarını
karalarını

Dative

Singular

Plural

1st singular

karama
karalarıma

2nd singular

karana
karalarına

3rd singular

karasına
karalarına

1st plural

karamıza
karalarımıza

2nd plural

karanıza
karalarınıza

3rd plural

karalarına
karalarına

Locative

Singular

Plural

1st singular

karamda
karalarımda

2nd singular

karanda
karalarında

3rd singular

karasında
karalarında

1st plural

karamızda
karalarımızda

2nd plural

karanızda
karalarınızda

3rd plural

karalarında
karalarında

Ablative

Singular

Plural

1st singular

karamdan
karalarımdan

2nd singular

karandan
karalarından

3rd singular

karasından
karalarından

1st plural

karamızdan
karalarımızdan

2nd plural

karanızdan
karalarınızdan

3rd plural

karalarından
karalarından

Genitive

Singular

Plural

1st singular

karamın
karalarımın

2nd singular

karanın
karalarının

3rd singular

karasının
karalarının

1st plural

karamızın
karalarımızın

2nd plural

karanızın
karalarınızın

3rd plural

karalarının
karalarının

Coordinate terms

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• (compass points)

See also

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Veps

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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kara

Inflection

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Inflection of kara

nominative sing.

kara

genitive sing.

karan

partitive sing.

karad

partitive plur.

karoid

singular

plural

nominative

kara

karad

accusative

karan
karad

genitive

karan
karoiden

partitive

karad
karoid

essive-instructive

karan
karoin

translative

karaks
karoikš

inessive

karas
karoiš

elative

karaspäi
karoišpäi

illative

?

karoihe

adessive

karal
karoil

ablative

karalpäi
karoilpäi

allative

karale
karoile

abessive

karata
karoita

comitative

karanke
karoidenke

prolative

karadme
karoidme

approximative I

karanno
karoidenno

approximative II

karannoks
karoidennoks

egressive

karannopäi
karoidennopäi

terminative I

?

karoihesai

terminative II

karalesai
karoilesai

terminative III

karassai
—

additive I

?

karoihepäi

additive II

karalepäi
karoilepäi

References

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• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “

  бухта”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Wanyi

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Noun

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kara

References

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• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)