gill – Wiktionary

See also: Gill

English

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gill and Gill

and

English Wikipedia has articles on:

Wikipedia Wikipedia

An Alpine newt larva showing the gills, which flare just behind the head.

Mushroom gills.

Etymology 1

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From Middle English gile (“gill”) (early 14th century), of Scandinavian origin, akin to Swedish gäl, Danish gælle, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of “gills” (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunaz (“jaw”), which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελυνη (khelunē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).

Displaced native Old English ċīe.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gill (plural gills)

1. (

   animal anatomy

   )

   a breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals

   • 1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation.

      

     [

     …

     ]

     , London:

     [

     …

     ]

     Samuel Smith,

      

     [

     …

     ]

     , OCLC 1179804186:

     , London:Samuel Smith,

     Fishes

     [

     …

     ]

     perform their respiration under water by the gills.

2. (

   of a fish

   )

   a gill slit or gill cover

   Gill nets are designed to catch a fish by the gills.

3. (

   mycology

   )

   one of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, on the surface of which the spore-producing organs are borne

   lamella

4. (

   animal anatomy

   )

   the fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle

5. (

   figuratively

   )

   the flesh under or about the chin; a wattle

   • 1728, Jonathan Swift, Ballad on Ballyspellin

     dropsy fills you to the gills

6. (

   spinning

   )

   one of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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breathing organ of fish

• Afrikaans: kieu
• Aklanon: hasang
• Albanian: verzë(sq)

  f

• Arabic: خَيْشُوم

  m

  (

  ḵayšūm

  )

  , نَخْشُوش

  m

  (

  naḵšūš

  )

• Armenian: խռիկ(hy)

  (

  xṙik

  )

• Assamese: ফুল

  (

  phul

  )

  , কল

  (

  kol

  )

• Azerbaijani: qəlsəmə(az)
• Bashkir: айғолаҡ

  (

  ayğolaq

  )

• Basque:

  please add this translation if you can

• Bau Bidayuh: sangap
• Belarusian: шчэ́лепы

  pl

  (

  ščéljepy

  )

  , жа́бры

  pl

  (

  žábry

  )

• Bengali: ফুলকা

  (

  phulka

  )

• Bikol Central: asang(bcl)
• Breton: brenk(br)

  m

  , skouarn(br)

  f

• Bulgarian: хри́ле(bg)

  pl

  (

  hríle

  )

• Burmese: ပါးဟက်(my)

  (

  pa:hak

  )

• Catalan: brànquia

  f

• Cebuano: hasang
• Central Melanau: aseang
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 鰓(zh)鳃(zh)

  (

  sāi

  )

• Czech: žábry

  pl

• Danish: gælle(da)

  c

• Dutch: kieuw(nl)

  f

• Erzya: зебра

  (

  zebra

  )

• Esperanto: branko
• Estonian: lõpused(et)
• Faroese: tákn

  f

• Finnish: kidus(fi)kidukset(fi)

  pl

• French: branchie(fr)

  f

  , ouïe(fr)

  f

• Galician: guerla(gl)

  f

  , branquia(gl)

  f

  , gala(gl)

  f

• Georgian: ლაყუჩები

  (

  laq̇učebi

  )

  , ლაყუჩი

  (

  laq̇uči

  )

• German: Kieme(de)

  f

• Greek: βράγχιο(el)

  n

  (

  vránchio

  )

  Ancient: βράγχιον

  n

  (

  bránkhion

  )

• Gujarati: ચૂંઈ

  f

  (

  cū̃ī

  )

• Hebrew: זים(he)

  m

  (

  zim

  )

• Hindi: गलफड़ा(hi)

  ?

  (

  galaphṛā

  )

• Hungarian: kopoltyú(hu)
• Iban: ansang
• Icelandic: tálkn

  n

• Ilocano: asang
• Indonesian: insang(id)
• Irish: geolbhach

  m

• Italian: branchia(it)

  f

• Japanese: えら(ja)

  (

  era

  )

  , 鰓(ja)

  (

  えら, era

  )

  , 腮(ja)

  (

  えら, era

  )

  , 顋(ja)

  (

  えら, era

  )

• Kazakh: желбезек

  (

  jelbezek

  )

• Khmer: តើក(km)

  (

  taək

  )

• Kimaragang: tangas
• Korean: 아가미(ko)

  (

  agami

  )

• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: avesîhk

  f

• Kyrgyz: бакалоор(ky)

  (

  baqaloor

  )

• Lao: ເງີບ

  (

  ngœ̄p

  )

  , ກີ

  (

  kī

  )

  , ນາມ

  (

  nām

  )

  , ເກ

  (

  kē

  )

• Latin: branchia

  f

• Latvian: žaunas

  pl

• Livonian: žnougõd

  pl

• Macedonian: жа́бра

  f

  (

  žábra

  )

  , шкрга

  f

  (

  škrga

  )

• Malay: insang(ms)
• Mansaka: asang
• Maori: pihapiha
• Maranao: asang
• Mongolian:

  please add this translation if you can

• Norman: dginne

  f

  (

  Jersey

  )

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gjelle

  m or f

  Nynorsk: gjelle

  f

• Occitan: brànquia

  f

  , gaunha(oc)

  f

• Old English: ċīe

  f

• Persian: آب‌شش

  (

  âb-šoš

  )

• Polish: skrzele(pl)

  n

• Portuguese: brânquia

  f

  , guelra(pt)

  f

• Romanian: branhie(ro)

  f

• Romansch: brantscha

  f

• Russian: жа́бры(ru)

  f pl

  (

  žábry

  )

• Scottish Gaelic: giùran

  m

• Sebop: penga’am
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: шкр̏га

  f

  Roman: škȓgā(sh)

  f

• Slovak: žiabre

  pl

• Slovene: škrge(sl)

  pl

• Spanish: agalla(es)

  f

  , branquia(es)

  f

• Swedish: gäl(sv)

  c

• Tagal Murut: asang
• Tagalog: hasangagalya
• Tajik: ғалсама

  (

  ġalsama

  )

• Tausug: hasang
• Thai: เหงือก(th)

  (

  ngʉ̀ʉak

  )

• Turkish: solungaç(tr)
• Turkmen: žabra
• Ukrainian: зя́бра

  pl

  (

  zjábra

  )

  , жа́бри

  pl

  (

  žábry

  )

• Urdu: گلپهڑا

  ?

  (

  galaphṛā

  )

• Uzbek: oyquloq(uz)
• Vietnamese: mang(vi)
• Volapük: ciel(vo)
• Welsh: tagell

  f

  , crogen

  f

  , cragen(cy)

  f

• West Coast Bajau: asang

— see

wattle

fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl

— see

wattle

flesh under or about the chin

See also

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Verb

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gill (third-person singular simple present gills, present participle gilling, simple past and past participle gilled)

1. To remove the gills from a fish as part of gutting and cleaning it.

   • 1948, Oliver Hazard Perry Rodman, The Saltwater Fisherman’s Favorite Four, page 166:

     As we had fish home in the icebox, when Bill led the fish up alongside, I leaned over the combing, gilled the fish with my fingers, slid out the hook and let go. The bass lay there for a moment, tired from the arch of the rod and the pull of the line.

   • 2014, Scott Tippett, Polaris, →ISBN, page 99:

     , Scott Tippett,, page 99:

     She gutted and gilled the fish, then scaled it.

2. (

   transitive

   )

   To catch (a fish) in a gillnet.

   • 1898, Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, page 255:

     Owing to the peculiar shape of the pompano and the relatively large mesh in the pompano gill nets, the fish are not caught by being actually gilled.

   • 1971, Michael Culley, G. A. Kerkut, The Pilchard: Biology and Exploitation →ISBN, page 70:

     In cases of very heavy catches the nets may be hauled and stored with the fish still gilled. The fish would then be shaken out on return to the port.

   • 1994, G.D. Pickett, M.G. Pawson, Sea Bass: Biology →ISBN, page 177:

     The intention is to gill the fish, so they are usually scared into the net by rowing one boat into the middle of the net circle and banging the oars on the boat bottom or splashing the water.

3. (

   intransitive

   )

   To be or become entangled in a gillnet.

   • 1926, Walter Koelz, Fishing industry of the Great Lakes, page 556:

     Since the fine threads of the net usually are caught under the gill covers of the fish they are said to be “gilled.”

   • 2010, Edward A. Perrine, Midnight Tracy, →ISBN, page 147:

     , Edward A. Perrine,, page 147:

     Also, when fish gilled there wasn’t as much extra twine to tangle in, so they were easier to release from the net.

Etymology 2

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From Middle English gille, from Old French gille (“a wine measure”), from Medieval Latin gillo (“earthenware jar”), possibly from Gaulish gallā (“vessel”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gill (plural gills)

2. a drink measure for spirits and wine

   (

   size varies regionally but it is about one quarter of a pint

   )

3. (

   archaic

   ,

   Britain

   )

   a measuring jug holding a quarter or half a pint

Derived terms

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Etymology 3

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From Middle English gille, from Old Norse gil.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gill (plural gills)

Derived terms

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Etymology 4

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Etymology uncertain.

Noun

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gill (plural gills)

1. a two-wheeled frame for transporting timber

Etymology 5

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Clipping of gillian, from the female name Gillian.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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gill (plural gills)

1. a female ferret

2. (

   obsolete

   )

   a promiscuous woman; harlot, wanton

3. (

   obsolete

   )

   a prostitute

   • 1646, Mill, Humphrey, “Section XXI”, in The Nights Search, Part 2‎[1], page 129:

     , Mill, Humphrey, “Section XXI”, in, page 129:

     Gill comes from the Knight, that did so seek / To gaine her love; she’s hir’d for a week.

Synonyms

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• (

  promiscuous woman

  )

  :

  see Thesaurus:promiscuous woman

• (

  prostitute

  )

  :

  see Thesaurus:prostitute

Verb

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gill (third-person singular simple present gills, present participle gilling, simple past and past participle gilled)

1. (

   obsolete

   )

   To act as a prostitute.

   • 1719, Wit and Mirth: Or, Pills to Purge Melancholy, page 72:Henry Playford , “Lewis Upon the Fret”, in, page 72:

     Comme proprement le fine of my Designs dey make; / Dam gilling Whore / Et Louis d’or

Synonyms

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Irish

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Noun

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gill m

1. vocative

   /

   genitivegeall

   (

   “

   pledge, security; wager, bet; gage, challenge; palm, prize; supremacy; token, promise; assets

   ”

   )

   singular of

Mutation

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Irish mutation

Radical

Lenition

Eclipsis

gill

ghill
ngill
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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• “gill” in

  Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla

  , An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Scots

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Etymology 1

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Compare English gill.

Noun

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gill (plural gills)

1. a measure of liquid equivalent to one-fourth of a mutchkingillmillilitres;

   (

   by extension

   )

   a serving of drink

   • 1864, James Patterson, Reminiscences of Auld Ayr‎[2], page 101:

     , James Patterson,, page 101:

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     …

     ]

     it will be strange if you and me part dry mouthed ; mony a gill I’ve got frae you ; it’s my turn this time.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

2. a vessel with a capacity of one gill

Derived terms

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Verb

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gill (third-person singular simple present gills, present participle gilling, simple past gill’d, past participle gill’d)

1. to drink, tipple

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse gil, Norwegian gjel (“gorge, ravine”), attested a. 1500.

Noun

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gill (plural gills)

1. a narrow valley with steep sides, a gully

References

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Scottish Gaelic

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Noun

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gill m

1. geall

   (

   “

   bet, wager

   ”

   )

   inflection of

   1. vocative

      /

      genitivesingular

   2. nominative

      /

      dativeplural

Mutation

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Scottish Gaelic mutation

Radical

Lenition

gill

ghill

Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.